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Eye Health in Children
Children can be born with congenital vision problems, just as they can with any illness, and early diagnosis is very important for the treatment of eye diseases. The common belief is that babies do not need to see an eye doctor until they reach the age of 3-4. However, certain eye diseases that are genetically inherited or have different origins can be completely treated if detected early. In cases where diagnosis is delayed, it is known that these treatments become much more cumbersome.
If there is any noticeable color change, spot, tearing, crusting, or structural abnormality (such as strabismus or ptosis) in the baby’s eye, it is essential to consult an eye specialist without delay.
During the critical period of 0-4 years, which is referred to as the phase where vision develops and settles, the detailed examination conducted in the first month mainly focuses on cataracts, glaucoma, and certain retinal diseases, even though cataracts are commonly known as an elderly disease. These conditions can seriously affect vision in the first 2 months, leading to significant and profound amblyopia.
Strabismus that occurs in infants or children can develop alongside visual defects caused by underlying issues. Neurological disorders, retinal abnormalities, brain tumors, and vascular aneurysms in the brain can also later cause strabismus. Congenital strabismus occurs within the first 6 months and is mostly corrected by surgical operation. Another type, which can emerge around the ages of 2-3, often improves with the use of glasses.
Even a 5-6 month old baby is provided with glasses if their vision defect is very high. In addition, occlusion therapy is also applied. The healthy eye or the eye with a lesser degree of visual defect is periodically covered to enhance the functionality of the other eye, thereby preventing amblyopia. If, despite all these measures, there is no significant improvement, strabismus surgery is performed.