Inner ear calcification, medically known as otosclerosis, is a progressive ear condition that can lead to hearing loss. It occurs due to the abnormal growth of bones within the inner ear, resulting in the loss of their mobility. This situation can prevent sound waves from being transmitted to the inner ear, causing hearing loss. So, what exactly is inner ear calcification? What are its symptoms? What causes it and who is at risk?
What is Inner Ear Calcification (Otosclerosis)?
Otosclerosis is a disease resulting from the loss of movement of the stapes bone in the inner ear due to abnormal bone growth. This process of abnormal ossification prevents sound waves from being properly transmitted to the auditory nerve, leading to hearing loss. Although otosclerosis usually appears in both ears, it can also develop in one ear. The disease is more common in women and typically begins at a young age and may progress over time.
What are the Symptoms of Inner Ear Calcification?
The most common symptoms of otosclerosis are as follows:
- Hearing loss: Gradual hearing loss is the most common symptom. Initially, low-frequency sounds may become difficult to hear.
- Tinnitus (Ringing in the ears): A constant or intermittent humming or ringing may be felt in the ears.
- Dizziness and balance problems: Abnormal ossification in the inner ear can affect balance, causing dizziness.
- Difficulty distinguishing speech sounds: Conversations may be challenging to understand in noisy environments.
- Hearing one's own voice differently: The individual may perceive their own voice differently than it is.
These symptoms can worsen over time and adversely affect daily life.
What Causes Inner Ear Calcification?
Although the exact cause of otosclerosis is not fully known, certain factors are believed to contribute to the development of the disease:
1. Genetic Factors
Otosclerosis can be hereditary. Individuals with a family history of the disease are at higher risk.
2. Hormonal Changes
Pregnancy, menopause, and hormonal fluctuations can trigger otosclerosis or accelerate its progression.
3. Viral Infections
Some studies suggest that viral infections, such as the measles virus, may trigger inner ear calcification.
4. Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system attacking inner ear tissues can also cause otosclerosis.
Who is at Risk?
The risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing otosclerosis are as follows:
- Genetic predisposition: It is more commonly seen in individuals with a family history of otosclerosis.
- Female gender: It is more common in women compared to men.
- Young age: It usually begins between the ages of 15-45.
- Pregnancy: Changes in hormone levels during pregnancy can cause the disease to progress.
- Viral infections: Infections like measles are thought to play a role.
How is Inner Ear Calcification Diagnosed?
The diagnosis of otosclerosis is made through examination and tests performed by an expert ear, nose, and throat (ENT) doctor:
- Otoscopy examination: The eardrum and middle ear are examined.
- Pure Tone Audiometry: The level of hearing loss is determined.
- Tympanometry: The pressure of the eardrum and middle ear is measured to assess auditory functions.
- CT (Computed Tomography): May be used for detailed imaging of the inner ear bones.
Inner Ear Calcification Treatment Methods
Since otosclerosis is a progressive condition, early diagnosis is crucial. Treatment options vary according to the severity of the disease:
1. Use of Hearing Aids
In cases of mild to moderate hearing loss, hearing aids can help enhance the patient's auditory capability.
2. Surgical Treatment (Stapedectomy and Stapedotomy)
Surgical methods may be applied in advanced cases of otosclerosis:
- Stapedectomy: The abnormally grown stapes bone is removed and replaced with a prosthesis.
- Stapedotomy: A small hole is opened without completely removing the stapes bone, and a prosthesis is placed.
These surgeries can greatly restore hearing loss.
3. Drug Therapy
- Fluoride supplements can slow down bone growth.
- Vitamin D and calcium supplements can support bone health.
Is it Possible to Prevent Inner Ear Calcification?
Otosclerosis is not a completely preventable condition, but early diagnosis can slow its progression. The following measures can be taken to prevent hearing loss:
- Regular ENT check-ups if there is a familial predisposition
- Avoiding noisy environments
- Paying attention to ear hygiene
- Consuming a diet rich in vitamin D and calcium
- Protecting against viral infections (e.g., getting a measles vaccination)
Inner ear calcification (otosclerosis) is a progressive condition that can lead to hearing loss. Genetic factors, viral infections, and hormonal changes may play a role in its development. Early diagnosis can reduce the effects of the disease through hearing aids, surgical operations, or drug therapy. If you experience symptoms such as hearing loss, ringing in the ears, or dizziness, it is important to consult an ENT specialist.
Ways to Improve Quality of Life with Otosclerosis
Otosclerosis is not limited to hearing loss alone; it also affects a person's social life and psychological state. Therefore, it should be supported by both medical treatment and lifestyle changes. Early diagnosis and correct guidance are crucial for individuals experiencing conductive hearing loss. Adapting to the treatment process and increasing hearing support can make daily communication more comfortable.
Frequently Asked Questions
How soon do the symptoms of otosclerosis appear?
Otosclerosis is usually a slow-progressing disease. Initial symptoms may develop as mild hearing loss or ringing over the years. In some patients, these symptoms may progress within six months, while in others, they may remain stable for years. Therefore, regular audiological tests are very important.
Is inner ear calcification seen in both ears?
In most cases, it can develop in both ears. However, cases that begin in one ear are also quite common. Similar complaints may arise in the other ear at later stages.
Does inner ear calcification surgery provide a permanent solution?
Hearing improves significantly in many patients after surgery. However, some cases may experience partial regression over time. The success of the surgery is influenced by the patient's age, the level of ossification, and overall health condition.
Are herbal treatment methods effective for ear calcification?
Herbal supplements can strengthen the immune system; however, they are not sufficient alone for conditions like otosclerosis that cause structural bone changes. If alternative methods are to be used, they should always be under the knowledge of an ENT specialist.